{"id":1551,"date":"2019-10-20T18:31:05","date_gmt":"2019-10-20T15:31:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kehitystutkimus.fi\/?p=1551"},"modified":"2019-10-20T18:31:05","modified_gmt":"2019-10-20T15:31:05","slug":"experience-doing-research-in-sensitive-political-contexts-researching-forest-governance-and-civil-society-in-laos-tutkijana-laosissa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.kehitystutkimus.fi\/?p=1551","title":{"rendered":"Experience: Doing research in sensitive political contexts: researching forest governance and Civil Society in Laos\/Tutkijana Laosissa"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>By Dr Sabaheta Ramcilovic-Suominen, Researcher, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)<\/p>\n<p>(Finnish version below)<\/p>\n<p>About a year ago, I started my Academy of Finland funded research on forest politics and governance in Laos. Internationally little is known about Laos. An average internet reader can read little more than repetitive and often contested statements that Laos is a landlocked, nature endowed and least developed country, where over 5 million people live in harmony practicing Therevada Buddhism. To me Laos is a work in progress and a mystery. Each time I visited the country, each time it presented a new reality \u2013 new policy, new ideas and ideals, new laws and decrees. In this first column, I will open up and introduce my interests in the country, while in the next one(s) I will go deeper into some of the issues I study there.<\/p>\n<p>When during my first visit to Laos, I introduced my research, dealing with societal and political changes related to global environmental governance, I was positively surprised by the support and interest I received from individuals and organisations working close to the subject. My research specifically concerns the political and societal implications of the European Union\u2019s (EU) Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade (EU FLEGT) Action Plan and the REDD+ (Readiness for Deforestation and Forest Degradation) Programme. The former aims to address illegal logging, while the latter aims to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.<\/p>\n<p>The EU has made participation of civil society organizations (CSOs) a precondition for the EU FLEGT negotiations. FLEGT CSO Network was build up, literally. Five Non-Profit Associations (NPAs; as allowed to be called in Laos) were selected as representatives of the CSO sector and trained in the issues that they should be concerned about. Currently they are present in the formal FLEGT decision-making structures. This was referred to me as the \u201cLao CSO revival\u201d. This \u201cCSO revival\u201d coincided with our freshly published paper, which \u2013 based on a fieldwork my colleagues did some year back \u2013 offers a critical assessment of CSO involvement in the FLEGT and REDD+ processes.<\/p>\n<p>When I visited Laos in late April 2017, some previously widely open doors for cooperation were shut close. No matter how hard I tried, there was no answer. I encountered barriers in various steps trying to carry out my research. I needed letters of support and recommendations to do anything and everything that has to do with forest law enforcement, governance, and of course with CSOs. People I had agreed to meet withdrew the meetings, my research assistant withdrew and a nervous silence filled in.<\/p>\n<p>Our paper was too critical. It was outdated and failing to represent the new \u201cCSO revival\u201d, I was told. The progress concerning FLEGT CSO network was not in it, and that was not well taken by domestic, but especially by the international policy actors; whose job and profile were affected by the same. I was surprised to observe the power that academic research can have in countries with sensitive political environments and high dependence on international development aid.<\/p>\n<p>Certainly, I understood how thin is the ice on which I \u2013 as a researcher \u2013 walk on and how careful I should be when writing about Laos.<\/p>\n<p>Tutkijana Laosissa<\/p>\n<p>Kansainv\u00e4lisesti Laos on v\u00e4h\u00e4n tunnettu. Keskivertolukijalle internetist\u00e4 ei l\u00f6ydy juurikaan muuta luettavaa kuin ett\u00e4 Laos on runsaalla luonnolla siunattu ja v\u00e4hiten kehittyneiden maiden joukkoon kuuluva sis\u00e4maavaltio, jossa viisi miljoonaa ihmist\u00e4 asuu harmoniassa harjoittaen Theravada buddhismia.<\/p>\n<p>Minulle Laos on jotain jatkuvasti muuttuvaa, arvoituksellista. Noin vuosi sitten aloitin Suomen Akatemian rahoittaman projektini mets\u00e4politiikasta ja -hallinnosta Laosissa.<br \/>\nJoka kerta kun olen matkustanut maahan, olen kohdannut uuden todellisuuden \u2013 uudet s\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6kset, uusia ajatuksia ja vaikutteita, uusia lakeja.<\/p>\n<p>Kun ensimm\u00e4isell\u00e4 Laosin matkallani esittelin tutkimustani, joka k\u00e4sittelee kansainv\u00e4lisiin ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6s\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6ksiin liittyvi\u00e4 yhteiskunnallisia ja poliittisia muutoksia, olin positiivisesti yll\u00e4ttynyt saamastani tuesta ja mielenkiinnosta aiheeni parissa ty\u00f6skentelevilt\u00e4 henkil\u00f6ilt\u00e4 ja j\u00e4rjest\u00f6ilt\u00e4.<\/p>\n<p>Tutkimukseni aiheena on Euroopan unionin laittomia mets\u00e4hakkuita k\u00e4sittelev\u00e4 FLEGT- toimintasuunnitelma ja mets\u00e4kadosta ja metsien k\u00f6yhtymisest\u00e4 aiheutuvia hiilip\u00e4\u00e4st\u00f6j\u00e4 v\u00e4hent\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n pyrkiv\u00e4 REDD+\u2009-ohjelma.<\/p>\n<p>EU:n ehto EU\u2009FLEGT\u2009-neuvotteluille on kansalaisyhteiskunnan osallistuminen niihin. Siksi rakennettiin FLEGT-kansalaisj\u00e4rjest\u00f6jen verkosto.<\/p>\n<p>Viisi valittua kansalaisj\u00e4rjest\u00f6\u00e4 koulutettiin kysymyksiin, joista prosessi odottaa heid\u00e4n olevan huolestuneita. N\u00e4m\u00e4 j\u00e4rjest\u00f6t ovat nyt mukana virallisissa FLEGT-p\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6ksentekoprosesseissa.<br \/>\nT\u00e4st\u00e4 kerrottiin minulle kansalaisyhteiskunnan elpymisen\u00e4. Elpyminen sattui samaan aikaan kuin tieteellisen artikkelimme julkaisu, joka perustui kollegani muutaman vuoden takaisiin kentt\u00e4tutkimuksiin.<\/p>\n<p>Viel\u00e4 tuolloin suhtauduttiin kriittisesti kansalaisj\u00e4rjest\u00f6jen osallistumiseen FLEGT- ja REDD+\u2009prosesseihin.<\/p>\n<p>Kun k\u00e4vin uudestaan Laosissa huhtikuussa 2017, jotkut aiemmin auki olleet ovet olivatkin kiinni. Vaikka kuinka yritin, en saanut vastauksia.<br \/>\nKohtasin esteit\u00e4 tutkimukseni eri vaiheissa. Joka vaiheessa tarvitsin suosituskirjeit\u00e4. Ihmiset joiden kanssa olin sopinut tapaamisia, peruivat niit\u00e4. Paikallinen tutkimusavustajani per\u00e4\u00e4ntyi projektista. J\u00e4nnittynyt hiljaisuus laskeutui.<br \/>\nMeid\u00e4n artikkelimme oli ollut liian kriittinen. Minulle kerrottiin, ettei se ollut ajan tasalla eik\u00e4 huomioinut kansalaisyhteiskunnan elpymist\u00e4, koska siin\u00e4 ei k\u00e4sitelty FLEGT-kansalaisj\u00e4rjest\u00f6jen edistyst\u00e4.<\/p>\n<p>Sit\u00e4 eiv\u00e4t katsoneet hyv\u00e4ll\u00e4 laosilaiset eiv\u00e4tk\u00e4 erityisesti ulkomaiset toimijat, sill\u00e4 se vaikutti suoraan heid\u00e4n ty\u00f6h\u00f6ns\u00e4 ja suoriutumisensa arviointiin.<\/p>\n<p>Yll\u00e4tyin siit\u00e4 vaikutuksesta, joka akateemisella tutkimuksella voi olla maissa, joissa poliittinen ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6 on herkk\u00e4 ja riippuvuus ulkomaisesta avusta suuri. Ymm\u00e4rsin nyt, kuinka ohuella j\u00e4\u00e4ll\u00e4 liikuin ja kuinka varovainen minun pit\u00e4\u00e4 olla kirjoittaessani Laosista.<\/p>\n<p><strong>This article was originally published on http:\/\/www.karjalainen.fi\/ on 25.1.2018<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Dr Sabaheta Ramcilovic-Suominen, Researcher, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) (Finnish version below) About a year ago, I started my Academy of Finland funded research on forest politics and governance in Laos. Internationally little is known about Laos. An average internet reader can read little more than repetitive and often contested statements that Laos is &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.kehitystutkimus.fi\/?p=1551\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Experience: Doing research in sensitive political contexts: researching forest governance and Civil Society in Laos\/Tutkijana Laosissa<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1551","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-article","category-experience"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kehitystutkimus.fi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1551","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kehitystutkimus.fi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kehitystutkimus.fi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kehitystutkimus.fi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kehitystutkimus.fi\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1551"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/www.kehitystutkimus.fi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1551\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1555,"href":"http:\/\/www.kehitystutkimus.fi\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1551\/revisions\/1555"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.kehitystutkimus.fi\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1551"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kehitystutkimus.fi\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1551"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.kehitystutkimus.fi\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1551"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}